A Randomised Clinical Study on Haemodynamic Effects of Thiopentone and Etomidate as Induction Agents in General Anaesthesia
Published: January 1, 2022 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/49529.15818
Priyanka Kumari, Arunava Biswas, Sankar Roy
1. Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, R.G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
3. Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, R.G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Correspondence
Sankar Roy,
Department of Anaesthesiology, R.G Kar Medical College, 1 Khudiram Bose Sarani,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
E-mail: dr.sankar.roy2010@gmail.com
Introduction: Thiopentone and Etomidate like anaesthetic agents are often used for induction during anaesthesia. Induction is the preliminary step in general anaesthesia and the search for a perfect agent is a persistent quest for the anaesthetist.
Aim: To compare the haemodynamics status and safety profile of thiopentone and etomidate as induction agent.
Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients, of either sex between 18-45 years of age belonging to American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade I and II. They were divided into two groups with 60 patients in each. Group T patients were induced with injection (inj.) thiopentone 5 mg/kg and group E patients were induced with inj. etomidate 0.3 mg/kg as an induction agent. Vital parameters like heart rate, non invasive blood pressure of all patients were recorded at baseline (before induction), after induction and post intubation at an interval of 1, 3 and 5 minutes. Adverse effects during intraoperative period were noted and later analysed. Quantitative data were analysed using Unpaired t-test to assess the changes within group.
Results: Out of 120 study participants, 70 were males and 50 females with the mean age of 35.63±12.20 and 34.50±7.46 in group T and group E respectively. The induction time in the Group E (27.5±3.31 seconds) was significantly less (p<0.05) as compared to group T (31.71±4.8 seconds). Change in heart rate was lesser (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in the respiratory rate in either at any stage of anaesthesia. Adverse effects like apnoea were evident more in the group T patients whereas pain at injection site and myoclonus was more evident in the group E patients. But, the overall safety profile of etomidate was better than thiopentone.
Conclusion: Etomidate found to be more effective, rapid acting induction anaesthetic agent with good cardiovascular stability and respiratory stability with least incidences of apnoea as compared to thiopentone.
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